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RoadTypical railway tracks consist of two parallel rails, normally made of steel, secured to crossbeams, termed sleepers (UK and Australia) or ties (U.S. & Canada). The sleepers maintain a constant distance between the two rails; a measurement known as the "gauge" of the track. To maintain the alignment of the track it is either laid on a bed of ballast or else secured to a solid concrete foundation. The whole is referred to as permanent way (UK and Australia usage) or right-of-way (North American usage). Railway rolling stock, which is fitted with metal wheels, moves with low frictional resistance when compared to road vehicles. On the other hand, locomotives and powered cars normally rely on the point of contact of the wheel with the rail for traction and adhesion (the part of the transmitted axle load that makes the wheel "adhere" to the smooth rail). While this is usually sufficient under normal dry rail conditions, adhesion can be reduced or even lost through the presence of unwanted material on the rail surface, such as moisture, grease, ice, or dead leaves.[1] Rail transport is an energy-efficient [3] and capital-intensive means of mechanised land transport and is a component of logistics. Along with various engineered components, rails constitute a large part of the permanent way. They provide smooth and hard surfaces on which the wheels of the train can roll with a minimum of friction. As an example, a typical modern wagon can hold up to 125 tons of freight on two four-wheel bogies/trucks (100 tons in UK). The contact area between each wheel and the rail is tiny, a strip no more than a few millimetres wide, which minimizes friction. In addition, the track distributes the weight of the train evenly, allowing significantly greater loads per axle / wheel than in road transport, leading to less wear and tear on the permanent way. This can save energy compared with other forms of transportation, such as road transport, which depends on the friction between rubber tires and the road. Trains also have a small frontal area in relation to the load they are carrying, which cuts down on forward air resistance and thus energy usage, although this does not necessarily reduce the effects of side winds.
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Showing 1 to 25 of 181 Articles matching 'Railway' in related articles. |
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1. The First Time You Visit Kensington, Pop Into The Place Of London For It's Museums.
November 17, 2008
London is the capital of england and the world's 9th biggest city. It has a rich history that spans nearly 2,000 years, which started when the romans arrived soon after their invasion of britain in AD43. London is located on the banks of the river thames, in the south east of england. In 1863, bad traffic congestion on roads in london city centre led to the erection of the world's first underground railway system, the london underground. The city was bombed badly during the second world war and plenty people were killed. following the war, plenty buildings in the city had to be bui... (read more)
Author: Gerlinda Cimeno
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2. Great Railway Journeys
November 14, 2008
Eurostar train services give passengers the opportunity to air journey, which is tempting numerous tourists. Before the Chunnel between the Continent and Great Britain, air journey was the choice service for most tourists - since improvement in airport safety and the arrival of much longer control lines and security, handling air tour has become more tedious. Joined to this is the more last skyrocketing fuel price for crude oil went 160 USD for a barrel.
As the Eurostar train was introduced in the 90s, forecasts were that persons would turn to this rail travel in crowds. That did not happ... (read more)
Author: Jordon Monet
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3. Inexpensive London Hotels
November 11, 2008
London, the largest city in Great Britain and Europe, is located in the southeastern part of England. The English capital is the first metropolis on the planet to have a subterranean railway. Not just this, but the city has numerous attractions, which can tempt anyone to it. The house many tourists’ attractions, it is one of the main travelers’ destinations and broad network of inns differing from inexpensive London hotels to star hotels. Such inns fit travelers on budget, who desire to take pleasure in their journeys without great expenses. Inexpensive hotels in London cater all the essenti... (read more)
Author: Brayan Trudu
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4. Astonishing Culture In Newcastle: Great Stephenson Railway Museum
November 11, 2008
Newcastle upon Tyne is a city in Tyne and Wear, England that was formerly part of the old English county of Northumberland. Newcastle upon Tyne derives its name from its status of being on the banks of the River Tyne, as well as the castle built by Robert II of Normandy, who was the eldest son of William the Conqueror. Before becoming Newcastle, the city was a Roman settlement starting from the 2nd century, under the name Pons Aelius. Newcastle is also known for its traditionally famous football club Newcastle United, which currently houses stars such as England Striker Michael Owen. ... (read more)
Author: Phueng Szysh
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5. The Reinvention of Newtown
November 06, 2008
Once the centre of commerce and trade in Johannesburg, and later gaining an almost slum-like quality, Newtown is now Johannesburg’s premier cultural precinct. Since the 90’s, when the western part of the city centre was identified for rehabilitation, Newtown has bounded from strength to strength and is now a vibrant, multi-purpose area. It has a unique character that can be attributed to the use of pre-existing facilities and new vision. Geographically located in an area enclosed by railway lines in the north, the M2 highway in the south and bounded by West Street and Quinn Street in the east ... (read more)
Author: Lyndi Lawson
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6. What are Railroad Ties?
November 06, 2008
Railroad ties are the rectangular shaped objects that provide the base for railway tracks. Sometimes called sleepers, they are laid at regular intervals and at 90 angles to the tracks. Once these are in place, the tracks are then attached to the ties. At one time, these ties were all made of wood, but today they are generally made from concrete. Steel and plastic are also used in the manufacture of these essential railroad structures. They are laid on top of track ballast, which is normally heavy crushed stone. This helps to keep the ties in place and to provide the appropriate drainage and fl... (read more)
Author: Ling Tong
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7. Kanchanaburi, Thailand - Top Three
November 03, 2008
Kanchanaburi Kanchanaburi is the place to stay if you want to visit the Bridge over the River Kwai, the start of the infamous World War II Death Railway, constructed under Japanese coercion at the cost of 12,000 POW and 100,000 Asian lives. The present bridge, which is the span’s second wartime incarnation, can be crossed on foot, but there are no guardrails, so vertigo sufferers and small children should steer clear and instead take a ride on the little train which runs across. The nearby Art Gallery and War Museum houses a bizarre collection of poorly maintained and badly labeled ex... (read more)
Author: simon ramsden
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8. Day Trips from Las Vegas: A Guide to the Grand Canyon
October 31, 2008
The Grand Canyon is located in the United States of America in the State of Arizona and is a steep-sided gorge carved by the Colorado River. The Grand Canyon is 277miles long and ranges in width from 4 to 18miles and has a depth of more than a mile. The Grand Canyon is within the Grand Canyon National Park and is one of the world’s top natural attractions, reeling in a whooping five million visitors per year.
You can do many things at the Grand Canyon, even if you have just a few hours to explore it. You have to get out there to really be able to say you have seen the Grand Canyon. For... (read more)
Author: Orson Johnson
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9. Excellent Tourist Guide To Amazing Tottington, Manchester
October 20, 2008
Manchester is placed in the northwest of britain was made a city in 1853. A big city, it boasts a population of 452,000, which makes it the 14th most populated city in Europe. The city boasts 2 major railway station, manchester piccadilly and manchester victoria. it's also servedby local & national bus and coach services, many of which leave from the city's chorlton street coach station. Manchester initially came to prominence during the Industrial Revolution, which is when it became the world leader in production and textile manufacture. the city is very proud of its industrial hist... (read more)
Author: Krissy Haze
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10. R-Infra plans Rs 2,500-cr debt mop-up
October 15, 2008
Anil Ambani-controlled Reliance Infrastructure (R-Infra) plans to raise Rs 2,500 crore as loan in this financial year for a real estate project in Hyderabad, a railway line linking Delhi airport and the city and for road projects across the country.The company is in talks with a slew of banks, including IDBI Bank, IIFCL and Axis Bank, for raising the fund at a time when credit crunch has put pressure on interest rates.
“The company has a healthy balance sheet with a cash reserve of Rs 10,000 crore, which could help raise 80 per cent of the debt for projects at the special purpose vehicle ... (read more)
Author: mahendra varma
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11. Wonderful Museums And Art Galleries In London
October 13, 2008
London is britain's capital city & the world's ninth largest city. It boasts an interesting history that spans almost 2000 years, which began when the romans arrived soon after they invaded england in AD43. London is located on the banks of the river thames, in the south east of britain. In 1863, rising traffic congestion on roads in london city centre led to the construction of the world's first underground railway system, the london underground. The city was badly bombed when the 2nd world war & plenty lives were lost. following the war, plenty buildings in the city had t... (read more)
Author: Jenniffer Dilynardo
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12. Adorable Guidance To Superb Little Lever, Manchester
October 13, 2008
Manchester is placed in the north west of britain was given city status in 1853. A enormous city, it boasts a population of over 450,000, which makes it the 14th most densely populated city in Europe. The city boasts two major railway station, manchester piccadilly & manchester victoria. it is also served by national and local coach & bus services, many of these services depart from the city's chorlton street bus station. Manchester rose to prominence in the 19th century, when it was at the centre of the industrial revolution. The city was ideal for the textile trade as it was ra... (read more)
Author: Krissy Haze
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13. Stop Over The Apollo Theatre, A Snazzy Theatre In Manchester
October 13, 2008
Manchester is located in the north west of the uk was given city status in 1853. A massive city, it boasts a population of 452 000, which makes it the 14th most populated city in Europe. The city boasts 2 major railway station, manchester victoria & manchester piccadilly. it's also servedby local and national coach and bus services, many of these services leave from the city's chorlton street coach station. Manchester gained attention in the 19th century, when it was at the middle of the industrial revolution. The city was perfect for the textile business as it had a humid atmosphere... (read more)
Author: Graciela Saltise
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14. Medicines and Drugs to Treat Elderly
October 09, 2008
Every type of machinery functions normally for some years but starts giving problems with age. This is true for a bicycle, a car, a railway engine, or an aeroplane. The body functions also, do not remain as efficient in old age as in youth or middle age. Besides physiological changes associated with ageing, other factors such as the multiple disease processes, nutritional deficiencies, inability to adhere to drug-schedules, and the decline of financial resources multiply problems in old age. Besides these, in those who are not aware, lack of proper physical exercise and the ability to modify t... (read more)
Author: Francis Adam
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15. CHEAP LONDON HOTELS
October 08, 2008
Your plans and what you as a person desires in terms of accommodation is what will lead to you choosing the hotel that suits you but hotels that are cheap a located in the central part of the city. Areas that offer such hotels include Paddington, Bayswater and Kensington and they offer discounts during the week. For the weekend discounts it is better to head to Euston and Bloomsburg. Accommodation in the city being so central it means one is also at the heart of the city. The other advantage with the central location of the city’s accommodation is that one is equidistant from all the major tou... (read more)
Author: Innomax Solutions
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16. Prague Bridges
October 07, 2008
The capital city of Czech Republic lies in the centre of Central Europe. Prague is situated on the river Vltava in central Bohemia and has been the political, cultural, and economic centre of the Czech state for over 1100 years.
There are 17 bridges over Vltava now. Four of them are railway bridges, and one is designed only for trams. The longest bridge in Prague, Zeleznicni bridge (Railway Bridge), is 1100 meters long. Longest bridge for cars is Libensky Bridge with 780 meters. And the oldest bridge in Prague is Charles Bridge, which was finished in 1402.
The two oldest Prague Bridg... (read more)
Author: Lucie Rusarova
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17. Cheap London hotels—affordable place to stay in an expensive city.
October 05, 2008
London, the biggest city in Britain and in Europe, is in the southeast of England. It is the first city in the world to have an underground railway. Not only this, but London has many attractions that can attract anyone towards it. The house to so many tourists’ attractions is one of the major tourists’ destinations and wide network of hotels ranging from star hotels to cheap London hotels. Such hotels suit people on budget, who want to enjoy their trip without much expenditure. Cheap hotels London provide all the basic needs that are required for comfortable stay. They offer several type... (read more)
Author: Nancy Eben
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18. Serviced office space to Let in one of the most attracting UK cities for High Tech: Bracknell
October 07, 2008
Bracknell is one of the most successful towns in the UK in attracting high-tech industries, and is now home to corporates such as Fujitsu, Siemens and Hewlett-Packard.
The town is located in Berkshire near Reading. It is 11 miles away from the city, 10 miles from Windsor and 33 miles west of London. It has two railway stations, Bracknell and Martins Heron, both serving Reading and Waterloo. There is also great access to the motorways, with the M3 and M4 minutes away. In addition both Heathrow and Gatwick airports are within forty minutes drive.
The offices to let in Bracknell offer s... (read more)
Author: Emily Mouquot
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19. Aparthotels - A Part of Your London Visit
September 30, 2008
"Sun never sets in England" this might have change, but the grandiose history and escalation in every sphere of life means that Heathrow London becomes the busiest airport in terms of international passenger. Everyone wants to be in London, and to cater their need London apartments are giving every bit.
London is well connected through "The Tube" (underground railway), and if the concerned Aparthotel is a bit far then that is not a big issue. You can always opt for the Oxford Street and the Harrods's departmental store for buying stuffs in London which are notable world wide. ... (read more)
Author: Ashish Kumar
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20. Adorable Inspiration To Fabulous Urmston, Manchester
September 29, 2008
Manchester is placed in the north west of britain was given city status in 1853. A big city, it has a population of 452,000, which makes it the fourteenth most highly populated city in Europe. The city has two major railway station, manchester victoria & manchester piccadilly. it is also served by local & national bus and coach services, many of which depart from the city's chorlton street bus station. Manchester was the first industrialised city in the world & it was at the heart of the industrial revolution. Indeed, it was the international centre of textile manufacture &am... (read more)
Author: Graciela Saltise
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21. Touring Around Lake Windermere
September 28, 2008
Who would have thought it? Windermere is not on Lake Windermere! In fact, it’s about 2 miles away, with ‘Bowness on Windermere’ being the small town which is on Lake Windermere.
Strangely, Windermere [town] used to be called Winandermere and before that there were actually three small hamlets [Applethwaite, Birththwaite and Heathwaite] which were combined in the 1800's when there was a greater attempt to encourage people to visit the area.
The railway arrived in 1857, making the area much more accessible to visitors and with this demand grew a wealth of Lake District hotels. The rail... (read more)
Author: Jenny Andrew
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22. Sponsor a Child in India and let him live a hazardless life!
September 25, 2008
Many poor people are living in dreadful conditions taking shelter in small colonies nearby the roads or railway stations. Their living condition is terribly poor. They do not have access to proper food, drinking water or electricity etc. Some of them do not have a shelter and roam around here and there seeking places to take rest. Children in such poverty-stricken families suffer from various problems. They are unable to pay for the tuition fees for their education. They cannot even afford uniforms and schools equipments and hence cannot go to school. Without education, they spend the re... (read more)
Author: divya sachdeva
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23. Look Up The Bury Met, A Fantastic Theatre In Manchester
September 23, 2008
Manchester is located in the north west of the uk was given city status in 1853. A massive city, it boasts a population of 452,000, which makes it the fourteenth most highly populated city in Europe. The city boasts two major railway station, manchester victoria and manchester piccadilly. it's also servedby national & local bus & coach services, many of which leave from the city's chorlton street bus station. Manchester was the world's first industrialised city and it was at the centre of the industrial revolution. Indeed, it was the world's textile manufacturing centre and cotto... (read more)
Author: Krissy Haze
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24. Lovely Tourist Guide To Fabulous Bolton, Manchester
September 23, 2008
Manchester is found in the north west of england was given city status in 1853. A enormous city, it has a population of 452,000, which makes it the 14th most populated city in Europe. The city has 2 major railway station, manchester piccadilly & manchester victoria. it is also served by local and national bus and coach services, many of which leave from the city's chorlton street bus station. Manchester came to prominence in the nineteeth century, when it was at the middle of the industrial revolution. The city was ideal for the textile business because it was humid, in addition to a... (read more)
Author: Krissy Haze
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25. Good Inspiration To Great Winstanley, Manchester
September 23, 2008
Manchester is located in the north west of the uk was granted city status in 1853. A massive city, it has a population of 452 000, which makes it the 14th most densely populated city in Europe. The city has two major railway station, manchester piccadilly & manchester victoria. it's also servedby local and national bus and coach services, many of which depart from the city's chorlton street bus station. Manchester rose to prominence during the Industrial Revolution, which is when the city became the world leader in textile manufacture & production. the city is very proud of its i... (read more)
Author: Krissy Haze
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